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14 calendar

%--------------------------------------------------%
% vim: ft=mercury ts=4 sw=4 et
%--------------------------------------------------%
% Copyright (C) 2009-2010 The University of Melbourne.
% Copyright (C) 2013-2018 The Mercury team.
% This file is distributed under the terms specified in COPYING.LIB.
%--------------------------------------------------%
%
% File: calendar.m.
% Main authors: maclarty
% Stability: low.
%
% Proleptic Gregorian calendar utilities.
%
% The Gregorian calendar is the calendar that is currently used by most of
% the world. In this calendar, a year is a leap year if it is divisible by
% 4, but not divisible by 100. The only exception is if the year is divisible
% by 400, in which case it is a leap year. For example 1900 is not leap year,
% while 2000 is. The proleptic Gregorian calendar is an extension of the
% Gregorian calendar backward in time to before it was first introduced in
% 1582.
%
%--------------------------------------------------%
%--------------------------------------------------%

:- module calendar.
:- interface.

:- import_module io.

%--------------------------------------------------%

    % A point on the Proleptic Gregorian calendar, to the nearest microsecond.
    %
:- type date.

    % A more meaningful name for the above.
    %
:- type date_time == date.

    % Date components.
    %
:- type year == int.         % Year 0 is 1 BC, -1 is 2 BC, etc.
:- type day_of_month == int. % 1..31 depending on the month and year
:- type hour == int.         % 0..23
:- type minute == int.       % 0..59
:- type second == int.       % 0..61 (60 and 61 are for leap seconds)
:- type microsecond == int.  % 0..999999

:- type month
    --->    january
    ;       february
    ;       march
    ;       april
    ;       may
    ;       june
    ;       july
    ;       august
    ;       september
    ;       october
    ;       november
    ;       december.

:- type day_of_week
    --->    monday
    ;       tuesday
    ;       wednesday
    ;       thursday
    ;       friday
    ;       saturday
    ;       sunday.

%--------------------------------------------------%

    % Functions to retrieve the components of a date.
    %
:- func year(date) = year.
:- func month(date) = month.
:- func day_of_month(date) = day_of_month.
:- func day_of_week(date) = day_of_week.
:- func hour(date) = hour.
:- func minute(date) = minute.
:- func second(date) = second.
:- func microsecond(date) = microsecond.

    % int_to_month(Int, Month):
    % Int is the number of Month where months are numbered from 1-12.
    %
:- pred int_to_month(int, month).
:- mode int_to_month(in, out) is semidet.
:- mode int_to_month(out, in) is det.

    % det_int_to_month(Int) returns the month corresponding to Int.
    % Throws an exception if Int is not in 1-12.
    %
:- func det_int_to_month(int) = month.

    % int_to_month(Int, Month):
    % Int is the number of Month where months are numbered from 0-11.
    %
:- pred int0_to_month(int, month).
:- mode int0_to_month(in, out) is semidet.
:- mode int0_to_month(out, in) is det.

    % det_int0_to_month(Int) returns the month corresponding to Int.
    % Throws an exception if Int is not in 0-11.
    %
:- func det_int0_to_month(int) = month.

    % month_to_int(Month) returns the number of Month where months are
    % numbered from 1-12.
    %
:- func month_to_int(month) = int.

    % month_to_int0(Month) returns the number of Month where months are
    % numbered from 0-11.
    %
:- func month_to_int0(month) = int.

%--------------------------------------------------%

    % init_date(Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, Second, MicroSecond, Date):
    % Initialize a new date. Fails if the given date is invalid.
    %
:- pred init_date(year::in, month::in, day_of_month::in, hour::in,
    minute::in, second::in, microsecond::in, date::out) is semidet.

    % Same as above, but throws an exception if the date is invalid.
    %
:- func det_init_date(year, month, day_of_month, hour, minute, second,
    microsecond) = date.

    % Retrieve all the components of a date.
    %
:- pred unpack_date(date::in,
    year::out, month::out, day_of_month::out, hour::out, minute::out,
    second::out, microsecond::out) is det.

%--------------------------------------------------%

    % Convert a string of the form "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.mmmmmm" to a date.
    % The microseconds component (.mmmmmm) is optional.
    %
:- pred date_from_string(string::in, date::out) is semidet.

    % Same as above, but throws an exception if the string is not a valid date.
    %
:- func det_date_from_string(string) = date.

    % Convert a date to a string of the form "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.mmmmmm".
    % If the microseconds component of the date is zero, then the
    % ".mmmmmm" part is omitted.
    %
:- func date_to_string(date) = string.

%--------------------------------------------------%

    % Get the current local time.
    %
:- pred current_local_time(date::out, io::di, io::uo) is det.

    % Get the current UTC time.
    %
:- pred current_utc_time(date::out, io::di, io::uo) is det.

    % Calculate the Julian day number for a date on the Gregorian calendar.
    %
:- func julian_day_number(date) = int.

    % Returns 1970/01/01 00:00:00.
    %
:- func unix_epoch = date.

    % same_date(A, B):
    % True iff A and B are equal with respect to only their date components.
    % The time components are ignored.
    %
:- pred same_date(date::in, date::in) is semidet.

%--------------------------------------------------%
%
% Durations.
%

    % A period of time measured in years, months, days, hours, minutes,
    % seconds and microseconds. Internally a duration is represented
    % using only months, days, seconds and microseconds components.
    %
:- type duration.

    % Duration components.
    %
:- type years == int.
:- type months == int.
:- type days == int.
:- type hours == int.
:- type minutes == int.
:- type seconds == int.
:- type microseconds == int.

    % Functions to retrieve duration components.
    %
:- func years(duration) = years.
:- func months(duration) = months.
:- func days(duration) = days.
:- func hours(duration) = hours.
:- func minutes(duration) = minutes.
:- func seconds(duration) = seconds.
:- func microseconds(duration) = microseconds.

    % init_duration(Years, Months, Days, Hours, Minutes,
    %   Seconds, MicroSeconds) = Duration.
    % Create a new duration. All of the components should either be
    % non-negative or non-positive (they can all be zero).
    %
:- func init_duration(years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds,
    microseconds) = duration.

    % Retrieve all the components of a duration.
    %
:- pred unpack_duration(duration::in, years::out, months::out,
    days::out, hours::out, minutes::out, seconds::out, microseconds::out)
    is det.

    % Return the zero length duration.
    %
:- func zero_duration = duration.

    % Negate a duration.
    %
:- func negate(duration) = duration.

%--------------------------------------------------%

    % Parse a duration string.
    %
    % The string should be of the form "PnYnMnDTnHnMnS" where each "n" is a
    % non-negative integer representing the number of years (Y), months (M),
    % days (D), hours (H), minutes (M) or seconds (S). The duration string
    % always starts with 'P' and the 'T' separates the date and time components
    % of the duration. A component may be omitted if it is zero, and the 'T'
    % separator is not required if all the time components are zero.
    % The second component may include a fraction component using a period.
    % This fraction component should not have a resolution higher than a
    % microsecond.
    %
    % For example the duration 1 year, 18 months, 100 days, 10 hours, 15
    % minutes 90 seconds and 300 microseconds can be written as:
    %   P1Y18M100DT10H15M90.0003S
    % while the duration 1 month and 2 days can be written as:
    %   P1M2D
    %
    % Note that internally the duration is represented using only months,
    % days, seconds and microseconds, so that
    % duration_to_string(det_duration_from_string("P1Y18M100DT10H15M90.0003S"))
    % will result in the string "P2Y6M100DT10H16M30.0003S".
    %
:- pred duration_from_string(string::in, duration::out) is semidet.

    % Same as above, but throws an exception if the duration string is invalid.
    %
:- func det_duration_from_string(string) = duration.

    % Convert a duration to a string using the same representation
    % parsed by duration_from_string.
    %
:- func duration_to_string(duration) = string.

%--------------------------------------------------%

    % Add a duration to a date.
    %
    % First the years and months are added to the date.
    % If this causes the day to be out of range (e.g. April 31), then it is
    % decreased until it is in range (e.g. April 30). Next the remaining
    % days, hours, minutes and seconds components are added. These could
    % in turn cause the month and year components of the date to change again.
    %
:- pred add_duration(duration::in, date::in, date::out) is det.

    % This predicate implements a partial order relation on durations.
    % DurationA is less than or equal to DurationB iff for all of the
    % dates list below, adding DurationA to the date results in a date
    % less than or equal to the date obtained by adding DurationB.
    %
    %    1696-09-01 00:00:00
    %    1697-02-01 00:00:00
    %    1903-03-01 00:00:00
    %    1903-07-01 00:00:00
    %
    % There is only a partial order on durations, because some durations
    % cannot be said to be less than, equal to or greater than another duration
    % (e.g. 1 month vs. 30 days).
    %
:- pred duration_leq(duration::in, duration::in) is semidet.

    % Get the difference between local and UTC time as a duration.
    %
    % local_time_offset(TZ, !IO) is equivalent to:
    %   current_local_time(Local, !IO),
    %   current_utc_time(UTC, !IO),
    %   TZ = duration(UTC, Local)
    % except that it is as if the calls to current_utc_time and
    % current_local_time occurred at the same instant.
    %
    % To convert UTC time to local time, add the result of local_time_offset/3
    % to UTC (using add_duration/3). To compute UTC given the local time,
    % first negate the result of local_time_offset/3 (using negate/1) and then
    % add it to the local time.
    %
:- pred local_time_offset(duration::out, io::di, io::uo) is det.

    % duration(DateA, DateB) = Duration.
    % Find the duration between two dates using a "greedy" algorithm.
    % The algorithm is greedy in the sense that it will try to maximise each
    % component in the returned duration in the following order: years, months,
    % days, hours, minutes, seconds, microseconds.
    % The returned duration is positive if DateB is after DateA and negative
    % if DateB is before DateA.
    % Any leap seconds that occurred between the two dates are ignored.
    % The dates should be in the same timezone and in the same daylight
    % savings phase. To work out the duration between dates in different
    % timezones or daylight savings phases, first convert the dates to UTC.
    %
    % If the seconds components of DateA and DateB are < 60 then
    % add_duration(DateA, duration(DateA, DateB), DateB) will hold, but
    % add_duration(DateB, negate(duration(DateA, DateB)), DateA) may not hold.
    % For example if:
    %   DateA = 2001-01-31
    %   DateB = 2001-02-28
    %   Duration = 1 month
    % then the following holds:
    %   add_duration(duration(DateA, DateB), DateA, DateB)
    % but the following does not:
    %   add_duration(negate(duration(DateA, DateB), DateB, DateA)
    % (Adding -1 month to 2001-02-28 will yield 2001-01-28).
    %
:- func duration(date, date) = duration.

    % Same as above, except that the year and month components of the
    % returned duration will always be zero. The duration will be in terms
    % of days, hours, minutes, seconds and microseconds only.
    %
:- func day_duration(date, date) = duration.

%--------------------------------------------------%
%
% Folds over ranges of dates.
%

    % foldl_days(Pred, Start, End, !Acc):
    % Calls Pred for each day in the range of dates from Start to End
    % with an accumulator.
    % Each date in the range is generated by adding a duration of one day
    % to the previous date using the add_duration/3 predicate.
    % Consequently, the time components of the dates in the range may
    % differ if the time components of the given start and end times
    % include leap seconds.
    %
:- pred foldl_days(pred(date, A, A), date, date, A, A).
:- mode foldl_days(pred(in, in, out) is det, in, in, in, out) is det.
:- mode foldl_days(pred(in, mdi, muo) is det, in, in, mdi, muo) is det.
:- mode foldl_days(pred(in, di, uo) is det, in, in, di, uo) is det.
:- mode foldl_days(pred(in, in, out) is semidet, in, in, in, out) is semidet.
:- mode foldl_days(pred(in, mdi, muo) is semidet, in, in, mdi, muo) is semidet.
:- mode foldl_days(pred(in, di, uo) is semidet, in, in, di, uo) is semidet.

    % foldl2_days(Pred, Start, End, !Acc1, !Acc2):
    % As above, but with two accumulators.
    %
:- pred foldl2_days(pred(date, A, A, B, B), date, date, A, A, B, B).
:- mode foldl2_days(pred(in, in, out, in, out) is det, in, in, in, out,
    in, out) is det.
:- mode foldl2_days(pred(in, in, out, mdi, muo) is det, in, in, in, out,
    mdi, muo) is det.
:- mode foldl2_days(pred(in, in, out, di, uo) is det, in, in, in, out,
    di, uo) is det.
:- mode foldl2_days(pred(in, in, out, in, out) is semidet, in, in, in, out,
    in, out) is semidet.
:- mode foldl2_days(pred(in, in, out, mdi, muo) is semidet, in, in, in, out,
    mdi, muo) is semidet.
:- mode foldl2_days(pred(in, in, out, di, uo) is semidet, in, in, in, out,
    di, uo) is semidet.

    % foldl3_days(Pred, Start, End, !Acc1, !Acc2, !Acc3):
    % As above, but with three accumulators.
    %
:- pred foldl3_days(pred(date, A, A, B, B, C, C), date, date,
    A, A, B, B, C, C).
:- mode foldl3_days(pred(in, in, out, in, out, in, out) is det, in, in,
    in, out, in, out, in, out) is det.
:- mode foldl3_days(pred(in, in, out, in, out, mdi, muo) is det, in, in,
    in, out, in, out, mdi, muo) is det.
:- mode foldl3_days(pred(in, in, out, in, out, di, uo) is det, in, in,
    in, out, in, out, di, uo) is det.
:- mode foldl3_days(pred(in, in, out, in, out, in, out) is semidet, in, in,
    in, out, in, out, in, out) is semidet.
:- mode foldl3_days(pred(in, in, out, in, out, mdi, muo) is semidet, in, in,
    in, out, in, out, mdi, muo) is semidet.
:- mode foldl3_days(pred(in, in, out, in, out, di, uo) is semidet, in, in,
    in, out, in, out, di, uo) is semidet.

%--------------------------------------------------%
%--------------------------------------------------%


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